The Effects of Photodynamic Therapy with Photogem and Laser with Power Density of 600 mW/cm2 on Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells Tumor Graft in Mouse

PURPOSE: Photodynamic therapy was used to lung cancer. We have made a light microscpic study on the effects of photodynamic therapy to tumor graft in skin of mice, when the power density was 600 mW/cm2 with reducing time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These studies had been performed on sixteen C57BL/6 mice that Lewis lung carcinoma cells had been implanted. All mice were divided into four groups. One of four groups received Photogem 3 mg/kg intravenously 24 hours prior to exposure of tumor to 180 J/cm2 laser light vertically at a wavelength 635etam with a higher power density of 600 mW/cm2 than that of 400 mW/cm2 clinically. One of these group received only Photogem. The others not received Photogem and one of these irradiated with laser. The light source was the wavelength of 635 etam Diode Laser (Laxcell 2004, Bio- Optics. co. Korea) After photodynamic therapy was finished, staining and analysing of tumors were used to determine the natures and extents of injury. RESULTS: Grossly response was not observed. Histologically, there were loss of endothelium from small vessel at tumor and muscle with thrombus formation. There were focal necrosis with infiltration of inflammatory cells at tumor and adjacent tissues that irradiated with laser, regardless of administration of Photogem. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy using Photogem and LASER with power density of 600 mW/cm2 destroy not only tumors incompletely but also adjacent normal tissue.

The Histological Changes of Photodynamic Therapy Using 635 nm Diode Laser on Normal Tissues of C57BL/6 Mouse Model

PURPOSE: Photodynamic therapy, with photosensitizer and non-thermal laser, produces selective destruction of cancer without affecting the adjacent normal tissues. The aim of our study was to evaluate the pathological changes to the normal tissues when photodynamic therapy, with non-thermal laser irradiation, after the administration of a photosensitizer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies were performed on four C57BL/6 mouse models using a photosensitizer (Photogem(R), Moscow Institute of High Chemical Technologies). The mice received Photogem, 3 mg/kg i.v., 24 hours prior to the exposure of normal tissues to 180 J/cm2 laser light, at a wavelength and power density of 635 nm and 600 mW/cm2, respectively, with the light source being a 635 nm Diode Laser (Laxcell 2004, Bio-Optics. co.) Histological staining and analysis were used to determine the nature and extent of injury at the first, third, fifth, and seventh days after the photodynamic therapy. RESULTS: Histologically, there were losses of endothelium from small vessels in the skin and muscle, with focal necrosis and diffuse inflammatory changes in the adjacent tissues. Between the fifth and seventh days following the photodynamic therapy, generation of granulation tissue, composed of fibroblasts and endothelial cells was observed surrounding the necrotic area. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy using Photogem and a 635 nm Diode Laser, with a power density of 600 mW/cm2, develops non-selective necrosis and has a thermal effect on normal tissue

Hip and Pelvis Diseases on Lumbar AP Radiographs Including Both Hip Joints

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of diseases of the hip and pelvis, as seen of plain radiography of the lumbar spine in patients with suspicious lumbar disease, and to evaluate the methods used for lumbar spine radiography in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHDOS: Sixty university and training hospitals were randomly selected and asked to describe the projections, film size and radiographic techniques employed for routine radiography in patients with suspected disease of the lumbar spine. Plain radiographs of 1252 patients, taken using 14"x17"film and depicting both hip joints and the lumbar region, were analysed between March 1999 and February 2000. RESULTS: In 15 patients (1.2%), the radiographs revealed hip or pelvic lesions, confirmed as follows: avascular necrosis of the femoral head (n=11, with bilateral lesions in four cases); sustained ankylosing spondylitis (n=2); acetabular dysplasia (n=1); and insufficiency fracture of the pubic rami secondary to osteoporosis (n=1). In 11 of the 20 hospitals which responded, 14"x17"film was being used for lumbar radiography, while in the other nine, film size was smaller. CONCLUSION: Plain radiography of the lumbar spine including both hip joints, may be a useful way to simultaneously evaluate lesions not only of the lumbar spine but also of the hip and/or pelvis.